Discriminación misándrica en la propaganda y en las instituciones feminazis.
Mientras piden la retirada de cualquier anuncio real o supuestamente vejatorio con la mujer, no dicen nada cuando es con el hombre.
http://es.news.yahoo.com/19022007/44-89/instituto-mujer-pide-retirar-anuncio-dolce-gabbana.html
19 de febrero de 2007, 22h51
Instituto de la Mujer pide retirar un anuncio de Dolce & Gabbana
MADRID (Reuters) - El Observatorio de la Imagen del Instituto de la Mujer, dependiente del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, ha solicitado la retirada inmediata de un anuncio de la empresa italiana "Dolce & Gabbana" por considerar que incita a la violencia contra las mujeres.
El anuncio muestra a una mujer tumbada en el suelo que es sujetada por las muñecas por un hombre, mientras otros cuatro observan la escena.
"De la imagen de dicho anuncio puede deducirse que es admisible
la utilización de la fuerza como un medio de imponerse sobre las mujeres, reforzada por la actitud pasiva y de complicidad de los hombres que observan la escena", dijo el Instituto de la Mujer en un comunicado.
El comunicado señaló que este tipo de publicidad es ilícita, de acuerdo a la Disposición Adicional Sexta de la Ley Orgánica de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género, que se refiere a los anuncios que muestran a mujeres de forma vejatoria, "bien utilizando particular y directamente su cuerpo o partes del mismo como mero objeto desvinculado del producto que se pretende promocionar".
El Instituto lamentó las características de esta campaña dado el contexto social actual, en el que según afirmó, la violencia contra las mujeres sigue siendo una realidad constante.
El Instituto de la Mujer es un organismo autónomo dependiente del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, a través de la Secretaría General de Políticas de Igualdad. Se trata del organismo del Gobierno central que promueve las políticas de igualdad entre mujeres y hombres.
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Catalanas contra el nazismo
Cuando las mujeres cruzan el umbral de la historia --esta historia que siempre ha silenciado las voces ajenas a los vencedores--, la historia cambia. En Ravensbrück, con la delegación oficial del Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya, rendimos homenaje a las mujeres catalanas que vivieron el horror de los campos de exterminio nazis con la compañía de Neus Català, la última superviviente catalana de aquel campo, a quien hemos podido conocer gracias a su lúcida exposición memorialística.
Escuchando a Neus Català, el relato de los días de aquellas mujeres en Ravensbrück toma un relieve diferente al que los homenajes nos tenían acostumbrados, ya que nos obliga a revisar la narración de aquel episodio histórico y a buscar el significado de los silencios que nos han impedido tomar conciencia de aquella realidad.
Las mujeres que llegaron a Ravensbrück no llegaron por azar ni por un accidente. Su detención fue una acción premeditada contra ellas por ser quienes eran: mujeres en movimiento, mujeres en lucha, disconformes del orden totalitario. No fue un castigo indiscriminado, sino una organización sistemática para anular hasta el exterminio a unas mujeres, más de 100.000, que, habiendo accedido a la plena consciencia de su libertad, la defendían con todo el coraje y con acciones de sabotaje ante todos los intentos de ser doblegadas con torturas continuas.
Pero esa huella desidentitaria --el 27.534 fue el número asignado a Neus Català en los campos de Ravensbrück-- no pudo borrar su decisión de seguir luchando ni pudo con la memoria de su experiencia, que durante estos días ha estado presente, revivida y visible para recordar su desobediencia feroz a los totalitarismos. Y para dejar constancia también de su compromiso personal de no desaparecer hasta que lo que había vivido al lado de muchas otras fuera inscrito en la historia.
Es hora de corregir el error de las historias oficiales de no reconocer la significación histórica de la lucha de las mujeres catalanas contra el nazismo y de superar el silencio que había naturalizado la negación de su lucha personal y colectiva como mujeres.
HIJOS DE PUTA, ESTO SI QUE ES NAZISMO:
Ravensbrück was a notorious women's concentration camp during in WWII, located in northern Germany, 90 km north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück (part of Fürstenberg/Havel). Construction of the camp began in November 1938 by SS leader Heinrich Himmler and was unusual in that it was a camp primarily for women. The camp opened in May 1939. In the spring of 1941, the SS authorities established a small men's camp adjacent to the main camp.
Between 1939 and 1945, over 130,000 female prisoners passed through the Ravensbrück camp system; only 40,000 survived. Although the inmates came from every country in German-occupied Europe, the largest single national group incarcerated in the camp, about 40,000, were Polish women.
Contents [hide]
1 Prisoners
2 Guards
3 Life in the Camp
4 Death March and Liberation
5 War Crimes Trials
6 References
7 See also
8 External links
[edit] Prisoners
The first prisoners at Ravensbrück were approximately 900 women. The SS had transferred these prisoners from the Lichtenburg women's concentration camp in Saxony in May 1939. By the end of 1942, the female inmate population of Ravensbrück had grown to about 10,000. In January 1945, the camp had more than 45,000 prisoners, mostly women.
There were children in the camp as well. At first, they arrived with mothers who were Gypsies or Jews incarcerated in the camp or were born to imprisoned women. There were few of them at the time. There were a few Czech children from Lidice in July 1942. Later the children in the camp represented almost all nations of Europe occupied by Germany. Between April and October 1944 their number increased considerably, consisting of two groups. One group was comprised of Roma children with their mothers or sisters brought into the camp after the Roma camp in Auschwitz-Birkenau was closed. The other group included mostly children who were brought with Polish mothers sent to Ravensbrück after the collapse of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, and Jewish children after the Budapest Ghetto was closed. With a few exceptions all these children died of starvation. Ravensbrück had 70 sub-camps used for slave labor that were spread across an area from the Baltic Sea to Bavaria.
Among the thousands executed by the Germans at Ravensbrück were four female members of the SOE (Denise Bloch, Cecily Lefort, Lilian Rolfe, and Violette Szabo) as well as the Roman Catholic nun Élise Rivet, Elisabeth de Rothschild, Russian Orthodox nun St.Maria Skobtsova, the 25-year-old French Princess Anne de Bauffremont-Courtenay, and Olga Benário, wife of the Brazilian Communist leader Luís Carlos Prestes. The largest group of executed women at the Ravensbrück camp, 200 in total, was the Polish group of young patriots, members of the Polish Home Army.
Among the survivors of Ravensbrück camp was Christian author and speaker Corrie ten Boom. Corrie ten Boom and her family were arrested by the Nazis for harbouring Jews in their home in Haarlem, the Netherlands. The ordeal of Corrie and her sister, Betsie ten Boom, in the camp is documented in her book The Hiding Place which was also made into a movie.
[edit] Guards
Besides the male Nazi administrators, the camp staff included over 150 female SS guards assigned to oversee the prisoners.
Ravensbrück served as a training camp for over 4,000 female overseers. The technical term for a female guard in a Nazi camp was an Aufseherin. The women either stayed in the camp or eventually served in other camps. The female chief overseers (Oberaufseherinnen) in Ravensbrück were:
May 1939-June 1942: Johanna Langefeld, with deputy wardress Emma Zimmer
June 1942-October 1942: Maria Mandel, with deputy wardress Emma Zimmer
October 1942-April 1943: Johanna Langefeld returned, with deputy wardress Margarete Gallinat(who later served as head wardress at Vught)
December 1943-December 1944 Anna-Klein Plaubel, with deputy wardress Dorothea Binz
December 1944-April 1945 Luise Brunner, with deputy wardress Dorothea Binz
Later, several women were head female guards at the same time:
1944: Kaethe Hoern
1944: Hildegard Neumann
1944: Else Weber
Most of these women went on to serve as chief wardresses in other camps. Other high ranking SS women included Greta Boesel, Margot Dreschel, Elisabeth Kammer, and head wardress at the Uckermark death complex of Ravensbrück was Ruth Closius (January 1945-March 1945). The treatment by the SS women in Ravensbrück was normally brutal. Elfriede Muller, an SS Aufseherin in the camp was so harsh that the prisoners nicknamed her "The Beast of Ravensbrück."
In 2006 the United States government expelled Elfriede Rinkel, an 84 year-old woman who had resided in San Francisco since 1959. It was discovered that she had been a guard at Ravensbrück from 1944 to 1945 [1].
[edit] Life in the Camp
When a new prisoner arrived at Ravensbrück they were required to wear a color-coded triangle (a Winkel) that identified them by category with a letter sewn within the triangle that indicated the prisoner's nationality. Polish women wore red triangle, red denoting a political prisoner, with a letter "P". By 1942, Polish women became the largest national component at the camp. Jewish women wore yellow triangles, but sometimes, unlike the other prisoners, they wore a second triangle for the other categories or for "race defilement". Some transports had their hair shaved, such as from Czechoslovakia and Poland, but "Aryan" transports did not. For instance, in 1943 a group of Norwegian women came to the camp. None had their hair shaved. Between 1942 and 1943 almost all Jewish women from the Ravensbrück camp were sent to Auschwitz in several transports following Nazi policy to make Germany "Judenrein" (cleansed of Jews). Common criminals wore green triangles, Soviet prisoners of war, German and Austrian Communists had red triangles and members of the Jehovah's Witnesses were labeled with lavender triangles. Classified separately with black triangles were prostitutes and Gypsies. The pink triangles for homosexuals played no role in the Ravensbrück women camp, but the camp did have some lesbians imprisoned in the camp for other crimes.
Based on the Nazis incomplete transport list "Zugangsliste" consisting 25,028 names of women sent by Nazis to the camp, it is estimated that inmates of Ravensbrück ethnic structure was the following: Poles 24.9%, Germans 19.9%, Jews 15.1%, Russians 15.0%, French 7.3%, Gypsies 5.4%, other 12.4%. Gestapo categorized the inmates as follows: political 83.54%, anti-social 12.35%, criminal 2.02%, Jehovah Witnesses 1.11%, racial defilement 0.78%, other 0.20%. The list is one of the most important documents, preserved in the last moments of the camp operation by courageous members of the Polish underground girl guides unit "Mury" (The Walls). The rest of the camp documents were burned by escaping SS overseers in pits or in the crematorium.
One of the forms of the resistance were underground education programs organized by prisoners for their fellow inmates. All national groups had some sort of program. The most extensive were among Polish women where various high school level classes were taught by experienced teachers.
Inmates at Ravensbrück suffered greatly. Living in subhuman conditions, thousands were shot, strangled, gassed, buried alive, or worked to death. Periodically, the SS authorities subjected prisoners in the camp to "selections" in which the Germans isolated those prisoners considered too weak or injured to work and killed them. At first, "selected" prisoners were shot. Beginning in 1942, they were transferred to "euthanasia" killing centers or to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. The SS staff also murdered some prisoners in the camp infirmary by lethal injection.
Starting in the summer of 1942, medical experiments were conducted on 86 women; 74 of them were Polish inmates. There were two types of the experiments done on the Polish political prisoners. The first one aimed at testing the efficiency of sulphonamide drugs. These experiments involved the deliberate cutting out and infection of bones and muscles of the legs with virulent bacteria, the cutting out of nerves, the introduction of virulent substances like pieces of wood or glass into the tissue and the causing of artificial bone fractures. The second one aimed at studying the processes of regeneration of bones, muscles and nerves, and also the possibilities of transplanting bones from one person to another. All the experiments were done against the will and despite the open protest of all the victims. Out of the 74 Polish victims called Króliki, Kaninchen, Lapins or Rabbits: 5 died as a result of the experiments, 6 with still unhealed wounds were executed and the rest miraculously survived thanks to help of other inmates in the camp. The survivors suffered permanent physical damage. Four of them: Jadwiga Dzido, Maria Broel-Plater, Władysława Karolewska and Maria Kuśmierczuk eloquently testified against Nazi doctors at the Doctors' Trial in 1946.
Between 120 and 140 Gypsy women were sterilized in the camp in January 1945. All of them, unaware of the consequences, signed the consent form after being told by the camp overseers that the German authorities would release them if they agreed to sterilization.
All inmates were required to do heavy labor. The women were forced to work at many kinds of slave labor, from heavy outdoor jobs to building the V-2 rocket parts for the giant German company, Siemens AG. The SS also built several factories near Ravensbrück for the production of textiles and electrical components.
The bodies of those killed in the camp were cremated in the nearby Fürstenberg crematorium until 1943. In that year, SS authorities constructed a crematorium at a site near the camp prison. In the autumn of 1944, the SS constructed a gas chamber near the crematorium. The Germans gassed several thousand prisoners at Ravensbrück before the camp's liberation in April 1945.
[edit] Death March and Liberation
With the Soviet Army's rapid approach in the Spring of 1945, the SS decided to exterminate as many prisoners as they could in order to avoid leaving anyone to testify as to what had happened in the camp. With the Russians only hours away, at the end of March, the SS ordered the women still physically well enough to walk to leave the camp, forcing over 20,000 prisoners on a death march toward northern Mecklenburg. Shortly before the evacuation, the Germans had handed over several hundred female prisoners, mostly French, to officials of the Swedish and Danish Red Cross. Less than 3,500 malnourished and sickly women and 300 men remained in the camp when it was liberated by the Red Army on April 30, 1945. The survivors of the Death March were liberated in the following hours by a Russian scout unit.
By the time liberation came, tens of thousands (estimates are about 30,000 to 40,000) of women and children had perished there.
[edit] War Crimes Trials
The name of the camp appeared in numerous trials held against Nazis after WWII. One of those trials Doctors' Trial was held by a Military Tribunal from October 1946 till February 1948 in Nuremberg, Germany. The following Nazi doctors participating in the medical experiments in Ravensbrück were found guilty and sentenced by the Tribunal:
Viktor Brack
Rudolf Brandt
Karl Brant
Fritz Fischer
Karl Gebhardt
Karl Genzken
Siegfried Handloser
Joachim Mrugowsky
Herta Oberheuser
Adolf Pokorny
Helmut Poppendick
Paul Rostock
Gerhard Schiedlausky
Percy Treite
They all conducted or participated in various experiments such as sulphanilamide (Sulfonamide), bone, muscle, nerve regeneration, bone transplantation and sterilization experiments. Ludwig Stumpfegger, later Adolf Hitler's personal physician, also participated in experiments at the camp but he did not stand trial due to his earlier suicide in Berlin in the final days of the war just before the fall of Berlin to the Red Army.
Renewed attention and interest in the camp came about following the Düsseldorf War Crimes Trials, or the Majdanek Trial, which began in 1976. Among the most notorious of those placed on trial was a guard supervisor at Ravensbrück, Hermine Braunsteiner, who had been tracked down by the famous Nazi-hunter, Simon Wiesenthal. Numerous witnesses from Ravensbrück identified her as the pale, blue-eyed, six-foot tall blonde, called "The Stomping Mare" because of her penchant for killing children by trampling them, often in front of their mothers. In 1981, the then 61-year-old woman was sentenced to life imprisonment for numerous child murders and other brutal crimes. Other guards were tried at the Auschwitz Trial, Belsen Trial, Ravensbrück Trials or in individual trials:
Erika Bergmann
Margarete Bisaecke
Juana Bormann
Herta Bothe
Therese Brandl
Herta Ehlert
Wilma Fath
Irma Grese
Ruth Hildner
Ulla Erna Frieda Juerss
Elisabeth Lupka
Elfriede Mohnecke
Margarete Rabe
Elisabeth Volkenrath
Emma Zimmer
These were a few of the guards tried for war crimes at Ravensbrück, and at other camps at which they served.
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